CAUSE AND EFFECT
Characteristics of Chemical Reaction | In Chemical Reactions other than marked by the occurrence of sediment can also be marked by the change of color, temperature change, or gas formation. Chemical Reaction Has 4 Characteristic Namely As follows ...
1. Chemical reactions that produce precipitate
2. Chemical Reactions that cause Color Changes
3. Chemical Reactions that Produce Gas
4. Chemical Reactions Resulting in Temperature Changes
A. Definition of cause And Effect
Cause and effect
is a text that writes about the analysis of a writer to provide a learning that
has several causes and consequences. Because the analyzed may be two or more and
the other is the result. Cause and effect usually exists in academic writing
(academic writing) rather than in writing kraetif (creative writing). Often the
author requires a clear analysis to determine the cause and effect for the
authors to avoid errors in the preparation. This paragraph begins with the
causes described at the beginning of the sentence and then drawn into a general
conclusion that is the result of the causes - the causes that have been
described.
B. Generic Structure
The cause and
effect paragraph has the following structure or generic structure:
1. Have a main
idea on the topic of sentence that will be discussed in the whole paragraph.
2. Having
supporting details or supporting sentences in the form of causes.
3. Ends with
concluding sentence or inferred conclusion.
C. Language Form
The cause and
effect paragraph has the following language styles.
1. Using tenses
that are bound to the context of time in a sentence, in other words, can be
past tense, present tense, or future tense.
2. Many use
verbs or verbs in active and passive sentences.
3. Using
transitions such as, due to, because, consequently, as a result, and causes.
4. Using third
person point of view.
D. CHEMICAL
REACTION
Chemical
reactions are a natural process that always results in the conversion of
chemical compounds. The compounds or the starting compounds involved in the
reaction are referred to as reactants.
Factors
Affecting Chemical Reactions
ü Particle Size
The size of the
reactant particles greatly influences the rate of chemical reactions. The
smaller the size of the reactant particles, the faster the reactant reacts. The
larger the size of the reactant particles, the longer it takes to react.
ü Temperature
The higher the
temperature of the solution, the easier the soluble substance in the solution.
This is due to high temperatures, the particles move faster so that the
collision between particles more. Thus, the higher the reaction temperature,
the faster the reaction takes place.
ü Properties of
Substances
Each substance has
different properties. In chemical reactions, the properties of the substance to
note include the melting point, boiling point, freezing point, flammable or
toxic.
ü Stirring
Chemical
reactions occur when particles collide. The rate of reaction increases if there
are more collisions every second. Stirring keeps particles of matter moving and
in contact with other particles so that a reaction can run quickly.
ü Substance
Content
Higher levels of
substances have many solute particles. The more particles of solute move, the
more particles collide. The number of colliding particles makes the chemical
reaction run faster.
E. CHANGES IN
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Chemical change
is a change that changes the identity of matter in a matter. In the chemical
change formed a new substance.
1.
Chemical Reactions Produce Sludge
Occurrence of
carbonate compounds at the bottom of the pan when boiling water. When lime
water is blown, there will be a reaction between lime water and carbon dioxide
from the breath. The occurrence of the reaction can be observed the formation
of white calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that settles on the bottom of the glass if
left for a while.
2.
Chemical Reactions Produce Color Changes
Apples that are
cut and left for a while, over time will be Turn brown. This
color change indicates that the chemicals in apples have reacted with oxygen in
the air. The reaction between the starch starch solution with iodine tintur can
be known from the color change that occurs. Clear color starch solution, iodine
is brown. From the color change. Household tools made of metal, these objects
will gradually change color.
3.
Chemical Reactions Produce Gas
In everyday
life, many of us encounter marked chemical reactions With the formation of gas.
When the carbide is mixed with water, it will Produce carbide gas. This gas is
generally used for purposes Metal welding.
4.
Chemical Reactions Lead to Temperature Changes
A firecracker
explosion is the result of a chemical reaction. All reactions always
Involving
energy, some reactions absorb energy and some are releasing energy. The energy
that accompanies the chemical reaction is heat, light, sound, or electrical
energy. A chemical reaction that produces energy is called an exothermic
reaction. If the energy is hot, it can tell by measuring its temperature rise.
The combustion reaction is an example of an exothermic reaction.
F. Radioaktif
Effects and
Effects caused by radiation of radioactive substances on humanity as follows:
1. Dizziness
2. Appetite is
reduced or lost
3. Diarrhea
occurs
4. Hot body or
fever
5. Weight loss
6. Cancer of
blood or leukemia
7. Increased
heart rate or pulse
8. The immune
system is reduced so susceptible to diseases caused by white blood cells are
reduced in number
Some kind of
radioactive waste Types of radioactive waste:
In terms of
magnitude of activity is divided into high activity waste, medium activity and
low activity.
From age to
divide into long-life waste, half-life and short-life waste.
From the
physical form is divided into solid, liquid and gas wastes.
1. Burning
The combustion
reaction is essentially the reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent,
usually oxygen. Combustion reactions are widely used for various purposes of
both household, industry, and transfortation.
Example:
combustion reaction of methane gas contained in LPG.
CH₄
(g) + 2O₂ (g) → CO₂ (g) + 2H₂O
(g)
2. Metal
processing of the ore
Most of the
metal is obtained by reducing the ore.
Example:
processing of iron ore.
Fe₃O₃
(s) + 3CO (g) → 2 Fe (s) + 3CO₂ (g)
3. The bleaching
process
Bleach is a
compound that can be used to remove the color of objects, such as on textiles,
hair, and paper. Color removal takes place through oxidation reactions. The
commonly used oxidizers are sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hydrogen peroxide
(H₂O₂).
4. Coating metal
with other metals
Metal coating
using electricity is known as electroplating. Electroplating is usually done on
reactive metals that are durable, avoid corrosion, and have an attractive
appearance. For example the spoon and fork eat coated by nickel metal or car bumper
lined with chromium metal.
5. Food
preservation
Foodstuffs can
be damaged by oxidation. For example, butter and vegetable oil if left long
will smell rancid. To avoid the oxidation process in foodstuffs can be added
antioxidant substances, such as BHA and BHT.
6. Making biogas
At the time of
aerobic bacteria work oxidation reaction occurs, while at the time of anaerobic
bacteria work reduction reaction occurs. Anaerobic bacteria can be used to
reduce organic compounds to be used in biogas manufacturing processes. Making
biogas that produce methane gas (CH₄) is done in a
closed place with raw materials of animal waste.
7. Treatment of
liquid waste with active sludge
Liquid waste
processing is done through three stages, namely physical, chemical, and
biological processing. Biological processing is done by utilizing
microorganisms as waste decomposition agents. These microorganisms are obtained
by utilizing active sludge work. Examples of reactions that occur in the
decomposition of H₂S are as follows.
2H₂S
(g) + O₂ (g) → 2S (s) + 2H₂O
(l)
This decomposition
smells like rotten eggs.
8. Commercial
Volta cells
Volta cells are
a source of ready-made electrical energy that is packaged in form and size
according to usability. The Volta cell consists of the anode and cathode
electrodes-the site of the redox reaction. Both of these electrodes are
immersed in chemicals that act as mediums of electric current and as oxidizing
agents or reducing agents.
Do you know?
Corrosion,
adverse redox reactions
Corrosion or
corrosion is an event of the erosion of metal by other substances, such as iron
by air. In everyday life, corrosion can be found in buildings, transportation
equipment, or electronic equipment using certain metal components such as zinc,
copper, or iron. Zinc used as roof of the building can experience leakage due
to corrosion. Iron for the fence can also be corrosive.
Several ways can
be done to inhibit the process of corrosion of metals, especially iron, by
painting, coated with other metals, connected to metals such as Mg (cathodic
protection), or reduced contact with oxygen eg oil smeared
Example
The color change of the shirt is caused by a
chemical reaction between the detergent and the shirt
literatture
http://www.tutorialbahasainggris.com/pengertian-struktur-dan-contoh-cause-and-effect-dalam-bahasa-inggris.htmlhttp://fisikazone.com/faktor-faktor-yang-mempengaruhi-reaksi-kimia/http://www.caramudahbelajarbahasainggris.net/2015/07/pengertian-struktur-dan-contoh-cause-and-effect-dalam-bahasa-inggris.htmlhttp://kacamatatmtkb.blogspot.co.id/2016/03/penerapan-reaksi-redoks-dalam-kehidupan.html
What are the consequences of redox reactions..??
BalasHapusthanks..
Redox reactions there are bad results such as corrosion.
HapusCorrosion or better known as coronation often occurs in everyday life. Corrosion is the reaction of metals with various substances in their environment that produce unwanted compounds called rust.
Is it dangerous for us to experiment on redox reactions
BalasHapusNot even because the redox reaction has its own benefits for us for example: Wastewater Treatment
HapusThe concept of redox reactions is often used in wastewater treatment processes. In a treatment site, the waste is passed to a series of bulkheads and rooms in which several processes are carried out, including chemical processes to reduce dirt and toxic substances. Generally, the wastewater treatment process consists of three main processing phases, namely primary secondary and tertiary.
hiii munik, I'm Novi, , want to ask you,How to prevent corrosion? Does corrosion occur only on iron?
BalasHapusHi Novi,,
HapusHere's how - the way corrosion prevention is based on these two traits:
1. Painting: Bridges, fences, and railings are usually painted. Paint avoids the contact of iron with air and water.
2. Oil or Grease: This method is applied to various tools and machines. Oil and grease prevents iron contact with water.
3. Wrapped With Plastic: a variety of items, such as dish rack and basket basket wrapped with plastic. Plastic can prevent the contact of iron with air and water.
4. Tin Plating (tin plating): cans - cans of packing made of iron lined with tin. Coating is done by electrolysis, called electroplating. Tin is a rust-resistant metal. Tin-coated iron is not corrosive because there is no contact with oxygen (air) and water. However, the tin layer protects only the iron as long as it is intact (without defects). If a layer of tin coating is damaged, such as scratches, the tin actually encourages or accelerates iron corrosion. It happens because iron reduction potential is more negative than lead. Therefore, iron coated with tin will form an electrochemical cell with iron as anode. Thus, lead promotes iron corrosion. But that is what is expected so that the tin cans are quickly destroyed.
5. Galvanization (zinc plating): Iron pipe, telephone pole, body obil, and various other items lined with zinc. Unlike tin, zinc can protect iron from corrosion even if the lining is not intact. It happens because of a mechanism called cathode protection. Because the iron reduction potential is more positive than zinc, the iron in contact with zinc will form an electrochemical cell with iron as a cathode. Thus, the iron is protected from and oxidized zinc.
6. Cromium plating: iron or steel can also be coated with chromium to provide a shiny protective coating, for example for car bumpers. Cromium plating is also done by electrolysis. Same as zink. Chromium can provide protection even if there is a defective or damaged chromium layer.
7. Sacrifical Protection: magnesium is a much more active metal (meaning more rusty) than iron, then the magnesium will rust but no iron. This method is used to protect steel pipes grown in soil or ships. Periodically, the magnesium bar must be replaced.
In addition to the iron corrosion also occurs in other metals such as zn
Hi munikaaa. One of the factors of reaction rate is temperature. How the rate of reactions that are in Europe in winter?
BalasHapusTemperature also plays a role in influencing the reaction rate. When the temperature of a reaction is increased, it causes the particles to move more actively, resulting in more frequent collisions, causing a greater reaction rate. Conversely, when the temperature is lowered, the particles become less active, so the reaction rate gets smaller.
HapusTemperature is the physical property of matter that quantitatively reveals the general idea of heat and cold.
What is the formula of radioactive ?
BalasHapusVarious kinds of radioactive rays
Hapus1. Alfa rays (α)
This radiation consists of a beam of alpha particles. The alpha radiation consists of particles which are positively charged with a charge of +2 and their atomic mass. These particles are considered helium nuclei because they are similar to helium nuclei. When it penetrates the substance, the α rays produce a large number of ions. Because positively charged α particles are deflected by magnetic fields or electric fields. Alpha particles have low penetrating power. Alpha particles move at speeds between 2,000 - 20,000 miles per second, or 1 to 10 percent the speed of light.
2. Beta Rays (β)
The β ray beam consists of particles with negatively charged and β particles identical to the electrons. The beta rays have greater penetrating power but the ionizing power is smaller than the α rays. This file can penetrate aluminum paper 2 to 3 mm thick. The beta particles are also deflected by electric fields and magnetic fields, but their direction is opposite from alpha particles. In addition, β particles experience a larger deflection than particles in electric fields or in magnetic fields. This is because the β particles have a much lighter mass than the α particles
3. Gamma rays
Some processes of radioactive decay that emit α or β particles cause the nuclei to be in an energetic state, so that the next nucleus loses energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation, ie gamma rays. Gamma rays have great penetrating power and these beams are not deflected by electric fields or magnetic fields. Gamma rays have very short wavelengths.
Firecracker explosion is the result of chemical reaction. Anything that reacts in a firecracker blast? Explain.
BalasHapusAmong the low explosive explosives known are gunpowder (black powder or gun powder) and smokeless powder. For some Indonesians, the gunpowder is widely used as a firecracker, including firecrackers and fish bombs. Gunpowder is the oldest explosive type invented by the Chinese in the 9th century. Aside from being firecrackers and fireworks, gunpowder is now widely used as propellant shells and rockets, signal rockets, firecrackers, explosive axes, and wavelengths.
HapusSome of the known compositions of black powder are:
Mixture of potassium nitrate (KNO3), sulfur, and aluminum powder with KNO3 ratio: Al: S = 5: 2: 3
Mixture of sodium nitrate (NaNO3), charcoal, and sulfur;
A mixture of potassium nitrate and charcoal (no sulfur); and
Pyrodex, a mixture of potassium nitrate, potassium perchlorate (KClO4), charcoal, sulfur, cyanoguanidine, sodium benzoate, and dextrin.
Explain the function of the starch solution
BalasHapusStarch or starch (CAS # 9005-25-8) is a complex carbohydrate that is insoluble in water, tangible white powder, tasteless and odorless. Starch is the main ingredient produced by plants to store excess glucose (as a product of photosynthesis) in the long run. Animals and humans also make starch an important source of energy.
HapusStarch is composed of two kinds of carbohydrates, amylose and amylopectin, in different compositions. Amylose gives hard properties (pera) while amylopectin causes stickiness. Amylose provides a dark purple color on the iodine test while amylopectin does not react. The explanation for this phenomenon has never been completely explained.